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It is a proxy, also called a proxy server. It is software that acts as an intermediary between server and a client over the internet. Without the proxy, a customer can send a request to an item directly to a server, and the server would then provide an item directly to the user. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement with proxy servers, it could offer advantages in terms of more performance, privacy, security, and more. A pass-through layer in addition to proxy is a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the set of server hardware and installed proxy software is frequently called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically classified as software and within the context of web servers. This article will provide an in-depth description of the two primary types: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique usage case, but they often get confused due to the same namesake convention.




This article will provide details about the types of proxies and what subtypes they are and how they function in the most common configurations. In this article, you'll be able to identify the circumstances in which you may gain from using a proxy and decide on the most appropriate solution between forward proxy and reverse proxy for every situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also known as an open proxy serves as a representative for a client who would like to send a request through the internet to an original server. In this scenario it is the situation that all requests sent by the client would rather be sent through the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in on behalf of the user will review the request. First, it must determine if the client is allowed to make requests through this specific forward proxy. Then it can either reject the request or forward it to the server originally. The client doesn't have direct access to the internet. It can only reach what forward proxy permits it to connect to.




A very common applications of forward proxies is to gain increased privacy or anonymity on internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client, and in this way, it can make use of an alternative IP address to the client's original IP address.




Depending on how it has been configured, based on the configuration forward proxy can provide you with a range of options. It will allow you to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security and access via authorizations, for instance at work. When all internet traffic passes through a forward proxy, a manager could permit only a few clients online access which is filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer that may include multiple devices that have different configurations and clients, the firewall can be placed on the layer that forwards proxy-related traffic.




Be aware that forward proxy servers need to be manually setup to use them, while reverse proxy servers could go unnoticed from the customer. Depending on the kind of IP address that the client, it is relayed to the server from which it originated via forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted, or not be noticed.




There are many options to look into when it comes to forward proxy choices:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another popular open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server. We recommend that you follow our step-bystep guide for setting up Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for use cases like peer-to-peer traffic. It's also possible to find out how to install an Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves as a proxy for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. This server can be a single server or multiple servers. It could also function as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request is received from a client through the web at large. In the majority of cases the request will go directly to the server along with the information the client needs of. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary and isolates it from any direct interactions with the open internet.




From a client's perspective the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't different than interacting with a website server in direct contact. It's exactly the same, and the client cannot discern the difference. The client requests this resource and then gets it, with no extra configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


The sending of traffic according to rules that you can define.


Additional functionality for caching.




Central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy service, reverse proxy providers provide this benefit only to Web server layers but not to the client layer. Instead of implementing firewalls on the layer of web servers that may contain several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security is centered at that layer called reverse proxy. In addition, getting rid of the burden of interacting with firewalls as well as communicating requests from clients away from web servers lets them focus solely on serving the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for controlling which requests go through which server. There could be multiple web servers serving the same content, offering different types of resources or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol in the same way as traditional web servers but they could also incorporate application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy services that redirects clients to particular servers in accordance with the requested resource or to abide by certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also gain from their positioning before web servers, by providing caching functionality. The large static file can be configured with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers on every request, with some solutions offering an option to serve static files directly without having to connect to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also equipped with an reverse proxy, which adds a feature to Apache but Nginx was originally designed to and focuses specifically on its reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and are misinterpreted as comparing "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse because both types of proxy process requests and responses. Instead, a better way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the app that you are building.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool in the development of an option to provide web-based services on the internet. They act as your web server when you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy software is useful for displaying clients for personal use, and even in a professional setting. They act as your client's proxy for all interactions on the internet.




Separating by use case rather than using common naming conventions can make it simpler to prevent confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with two kinds, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you'd like to explore the possibilities of proxy services, then take a look at our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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